Dalton
was born in 1766 in the village of Eaglesfield in northern England. Formal
school age ends when only seven years old, and he's almost completely taught
myself to science. He was a young man who continues to understand something
first than the average normal person, and when reached twelve years of age he
was a teacher. And he became a teacher or private teacher for most of his life.
As age increased fifteen years he moved to the town of Kendal, aged twenty-six
to Manchester and lived there until the last breath out of his throat in 1844.
It may be important to know, he never married.
Dalton
became interested in meteorology in 1787 when he was twenty-one years. Six
years later he published a book on the subject. Investigations of atmospheric
air and generate interest in gas quality in general. By conducting a series of
experiments, he found two laws that control the behavior of gases. First,
Dalton presented in 1801, confirmed that the gas-filled volume is proporsiona1
with temperature. (This is generally known as the "law of Charles"
after the French scientist who discovered it a few years before Dalton, but
failed to publish the results of the investigation). Secondly, also presented
in 1801, known as the "law of Dalton" of pressure parts.
By
the year 1804, Dalton had formulated the atomic theory, and he has prepared a list
of atomic weights. However, the main book A New System of Chemical Philosophy,
published in 1808. The book recently was made famous, and in subsequent years,
the interest award sows on his head.
John Dalton (1766-1844) is a British scientist in the early 19th
century to the atomic hypothesis put forward in the arena of science. With this
act, he presents the key ideas that enable major advances in the field of
chemistry since then. To be clear, he was not the first to assume that all
material objects consist of a large number of very small particles called atoms
indestructible.
This
opinion has been filed by the ancient Greek philosopher, Democritus (360-370
BC?), Maybe even early again. The hypothesis was accepted by Epicurus (Greek
philosopher others), and brilliantly put forward by the Roman author, Lucretius
(died 55 BC), in which he had his famous poem "De rerum natura"
(About the nature of the object).
Theory
Democritus (which is not accepted by Aristotle) are ignored during the Middle
Ages, and had little influence on science. Even so, some of the leading
scientists of the 17th century (including Isaac Newton) supports a similar opinion. However, no atomic theory
proposed or used in a scientific investigation. And more importantly, no one
who saw the connection between philosophical speculation about the atom with
real things in the field of chemistry.
That
situation arises when Dalton. He presents "quantitative theory" of
clear and can be used in the interpretation of chemical experiments, and can be
appropriately tested in the laboratory.
Although
the terminology is slightly different to the one we use now, Dalton clearly put
forward the concept of atoms, molecules, elements and chemical compounds. He
makes it clear that although the total number of atoms in the world so much,
but the number of various different types rather small.
Despite
differences in the severity of different types of atoms, Dalton maintains that
any two atoms of the same group is the same in all qualities, including the
"mass" (the quantity of material in an object measured by resistance
to change in motion). Dalton includes in his book a list that records the
relative weight of the various types of atoms are different, the first ever
prepared a list of people and the key to any quantitative theory of the atom.
Dalton
also explained clearly that each of the two molecules of the same chemical
composite consists of a combination of similar atoms. (For example, each
molecule "nitrous oxide" (N2O) consists of two nitrogen atoms and one
oxygen atom). From this combined form something specific chemical can be
prepared and always composed of the same elements in the same proportion that
fully weight. This is the "law of definite proportions," which has
been found experimentally by Joseph Louis Proust few years earlier.
Dalton
presents a very convincing way of this theory, so that within twenty years he
has been accepted by the majority of scientists. Furthermore, chemists follow
the program proposed by the book: precisely specify the relative weight of the
atom; The combined chemical analysis of severity; determine the right
combination of atoms that make up each group of molecules that have a common
characteristic. The success of this program are certainly remarkable.
It is
difficult to over-express the significance of the atomic hypothesis. This is
the central idea in our understanding of the field of chemistry. Additionally,
this is a general introduction to the essentials of modern physics.