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| Inside Photocopy Machine |
The early history of the
invention of the photocopier (photocopy in English) preceded by research and
experiments are very long. Initially the system inventor xerography, Chester
Carlson, started his job as a copyist in a patent document changed patent
analysis, Carlson thought to accelerate the work is to create a device that can
print documents repeatedly. He also read the various references to the printing
press. Finally, he found the concept of electrophotographic, which we now know
as copier.
In 1938, he made a little
experiment that utilizes powdered soot (carbon) and the irradiation of light
and move an article from a medium to another. He also uses a concept called
photo-conductivity, an electron change process if exposed to light. In essence,
with this process, the image can be duplicated with the change of the electron.
Most of the available
literature, the findings of Carlson creates a copy process using electrostatic
energy, ie xenography. The name comes from the Greek xenography, radical Xeros
(dry) and graphos (write). Because, in the process does not involve chemicals,
unlike previous technology. Through this technique, Chester Carlson has found
ways remodel paradigm replicates author of a document, which will be called the
photocopying process. This technique is then patented in October 6, 1942.
For several years, he tried to
perfect his invention. Although very useful, electrophotographic machine is not
interested in a lot of people, because the machine is considered to have a
promising future. Chester who managed to make a tool that must sell the concept
for many years that the copier can be sold on the market. Large companies like
Kodak is selling the equipment and the process of shooting, IBM and General
Electric, rejected the findings.
After almost desperate, Chester
got the first Batelle Memorial Institute partners that are willing to
capitalize the fund and later with the same effort and managed to convince
Haloid, a medium-sized company Haloid Corporation, New York that sold
photographic paper would be its partner to develop its findings.
Haloid Company, later changing
the name of the first electrophotographic copier because they lack commercial
value, then suggested name with xerography. Xerography became commercial after
being adopted by Xerox Corporation. One of the initial product is a Xerox Xerox
914, the first automatic copier that uses xenography process. Named Xerox 914
to refer to the ability of the machine to copy paper with a size of 9 inches x
14 inches (229 mm x 356 mm).
Xerox 914, which can copy up to
100 thousand papers per month, it is very popular among the people at that
time. These products accounted for the company's earnings by up to 60 million
dollars. That success made the company decided to change its name from Haloid
became Xerox in 1958. To date the company Xerox copiers and printers in the
world. The products produced by the company is now headquartered in Stamford,
Connecticut, USA, in 2006 and recorded a revenue of 15.9 billion dollars. The
number of employees reached 53,700 people, spread across the world.
Chester Carlson died on
September 9, 1968, in Rochester, New York, due to chronic liver disease. Thanks
to its findings through a photocopier, Chester Carlson has found ways remodel
paradigm replicates a document author. Until now, this process can hardly be
left in modern life.
On the black-white photocopy, the photocopy machine initially radiates light to the paper.
Light only reflects
from the white part.
The reflection runs through a lens into a rotating metal
cylinder.
When cylinder rotates through the coloring stage,
the positive charge
of black toner sticks the negative charge of planes.
Those particles are
removed into the paper that passes through a warm roll,
and therefore stick the
toner permanently as a copy paper.
The color photocopy has the similar
process with blue, red, and yellow filter.
The light reflected is amplified by
the Charge Couple Devices (CCD),
which adjusts the laser beam.
There are some
separate stages to give the toner of blue,
red, yellow, and black to produce a
colored pictured.